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Pet ownership in Japan
Over the last few decades, pet ownership in Japan has gradually moved from a predominantly utilitarian function, into a concept that more fully incorporates pets into the family system. In the majority of cases, pets are now considered to be family members. To many Japanese, pets are as well loved as children, and may even serve as a substitute for those who choose to forgo child-rearing.〔(Why Japan prefers pets to parenthood | Life and style ). theguardian.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.〕
In the context of spiritual hierarchy, pets occupy the space directly below humans, but above all other animals and forms of life.〔Ambros, B. (2010). The Necrogeography of Pet Memorial Spaces: Pets as Liminal Family Members in Contemporary Japan. Material Religion: The Journal of Objects, Art and Belief, 6(3). 304-335. (10.2752/175183410X12862096296801 )〕 This position is not clearly defined, leaving many aspects of pet ownership open to interpretation, including the practice of keeping and caring for pets, as well as the correct means of caring for them after death. This position within the family is presented through various forms within the everyday flow of contemporary life, spiritual expression, memorialization, and the burial rites of Japanese pets.
==Pet Boom==
Pets have been increasing in numbers throughout Japan. Providing a convenient way for companionship without having the demands that a child would, pets are a popular alternative for people who do not have the time required to raise a baby. Although it is not by any means definitive, studies reflect a trend showing that this is exactly what is happening, as adopting pets into the family in lieu of children has become more and more common. Currently, “estimates place the number of pets above the number of children under the age of fifteen”.〔 This has been troublesome since Japan is already suffering a declining birth rate, but the trend does seem to be increasing.
The Japanese “pet boom” can be traced back to 2003 where it was estimated that the combined number of dogs and cats in Japan have outnumbered the amount of children.〔Hoffman, Michael. (2011-07-17) (It seems Japan has literally gone to the dogs ). The Japan Times. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.〕 The estimated number of pets and children under 16 in Japan was 19.2 and 17.9 million respectively in 2003, which increased drastically to 23.2 million to 17 million in 2009.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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